The Fall of Reza Pahlavi and the Rise of Ayatollah Khomeini Essay

The Fall of Reza Pahlavi and the Rise of Ayatollah Khomeini - Essay Example Iran has been manipulated by the forces of the west but the people there despise the west and have an ideology which supports the radical Islam. Khomeini won the hearts of people by being a man who said what they wanted to hear. He did not like the west and wanted strict Islamic rules to be applied. His people believed in him and he led them through the Islamic revolution and left the torch in their hand later to carry it forward. Â  The Islamic Republic of Iran was known as Persia before 1935.1 Iran has seen political turbulence in its history. It has seen many empires and dynasties and many rulers have ruled it. Even in the 1900's Iran has seen many revolutions. It has seen the constitutional revolution in 1906, the Pahlavi Dynasty in 1925 and the Iranian Islamic Revolution in 1978. Iran was declared the Islamic Republic on 1st April 1989.2 Today Iran is growing in all aspects and has proved itself as a very strong and determined country. Â  Reza Shah laid the foundation of modern Iran by overthrowing the Qajar Dynasty. Ahmed Shah the last Qajar King left Iran for Europe and as his absence was for an indefinite period of time the parliament overthrew him and made Ahmed Shah the Shahanshah of Iran. At this time Iran was a very poor country. Reza Shah had western views and he tried his best to develop Iran according to these views. He built roads, organized all systems of his country and built a very good trans-Iranian Railway.3 He made great changes to the country but he was seen as the people as a Westernized man. In World War II, Iran was a neutral state, But Russia wanted to use its mature railways to help it in war. Reza Shah failed to go forward with this plan, the Russian and British army attacked Iran and Reza Shah left the throne in favor of his son Muhammad Reza Shah and spent rest of his life in exile in South Africa. As Muhammad Reza Shah succeeded the throne, he faced many problems with pro-Soviet and pro- British parties. In 1946 after the war over the Soviets overstayed in Iran and this created more confusion. Iran had a lot of oil and it was not giving concessions to the Soviet but was giving it to the British.4 The National Front Party wanted a neutral stance on this issue and wanted to take away concession from the British. In 1953 clash between the Shah and Prime Minister Mossadeq became very evident. The pro-Soviet party was very strong and forced the Shah to leave the country.

Monarchial constitution Essay Example for Free

Monarchial constitution Essay Under the monarchial constitution of the United Kingdom (UK), the majority of prerogative powers are now exercised by the government in the name of the Crown. There are two principle definitions of Royal Prerogative (RP); that of Sir William Blackstone and that of Professor A. V. Dicey. According to Dicey, RP is defined as the residue of arbitrary or discretionary authority, which at any given time is legally left in the hands of the Crown. RP has several defining characteristics RP is inherent to the Crown, derived from common law, exercised by the government on behalf of the crown, the powers are residual and RP legitimises government actions without the need for an Act of Parliament (AOP). Before the 17th century, the monarch had all three powers, the legislative, executive and judicial powers. The judiciary started gaining independence since the Case of Prohibitions 1607 and was fully independent after the Act of Settlement 1700, which effectively removed the power of the monarch to remove a judge at will. The independence of the legislature started with the Case of Proclamation 1611 and culminated in the Bill of Rights 1689, which curbed future arbitrary behaviour of the monarch and guaranteed Parliament’s power vis a vis the Crown. With these changes made to the UK constitution and as support grew for a democratic government, RP seemed out of place in the hands of the monarch and was slowly transferred into the hands of the government to be used in the name of the Crown. It is possible for RP to be codified i.e incorporated into an AOP, as can be seen from the Constitutional Reform and Governance Act 2010 (CRGA). The CRGA codified several RPs, such as the RP to ratify treaties. The codification of RP meant that it would be under Parliamentary control and not the Executive. In the UK today, the UK government makes certain decisions based on the RP if they are not covered under any statutes. However, there have been several cases regarding the use of RP brought to the courts, spearheaded by Darnels case as well as the Case of Ship Money. The fact that these cases could be judged by the courts showed that the government (on behalf of the monarch) could exercise the prerogative power granted by the courts. Therefore, the courts have the power to determine whether that prerogative power exists and the extent of the power exercised by the government. Codifying the RP ensures that courts would not have the power to determine its existence, as they are unable to determine the validity of an AOP, as directed by Lord Reid in Pickin v British Railways Board. It would also prevent conflicts with statutes, as well as promote greater certainty and accessibility in the law. However, codifying the RP would make it more rigid, which may affect the reflexes of the government in responding to situations which are time-sensitive. Nevertheless, the current practice of the UK government with regards to such RP would be to consult Parliament first. Thus, it would be desirable to codify the RP. The RP has always been a part of common law in the UK Constitution. In the Case of Proclamation 1611, then King James I declared two royal proclamations without the consent of Parliament. When the case was brought before the court, Lord Coke held that ‘the King hath no prerogative, but that which the law of the land allows him’, meaning that the King could only exercise the prerogative power granted by the courts. Following the judgment, there were several cases which involved the use of the RP which the courts upheld. In Darnels case, the Defendant was imprisoned due to a warrant issued from the King in which there was no reason for the imprisonment. The court held that the arrest was valid as this was the exercise of the monarch’s prerogative power to arrest. The Case of Ship Money also exemplified how the court could decide if use of RP was legitimate. Hampden had refused to pay taxes to the King, upon his RP to raise revenue in an emergency situation. The court subsequently upheld the power of the Crown. Lastly, the judgment in Lord Advocate v University of Aberdeen upheld the RP that things lost, abandoned or ownerless belongs to the Crown. However, the courts have also held several decisions which restricted the RP. In BBC v Johns, BBC claimed there was a prerogative to grant immunity to them so as to avoid paying taxes. This case was famous for the dictum of Lord Diplock who stated that it is â€Å"350 years and a civil war too late for the Queen’s courts to broaden the prerogative†. Some feel that the exercise of prerogative powers was outside judicial review. Lord Devlin (in Chandler v DPP) agreed, but in his obiter statement stated that the courts will not review the proper exercise of discretionary power but they will intervene to correct excess or abuse. Despite this, not all prerogative powers are subjected to judicial review, the reviewability is dependent on its subject matter and not the source of power. In the GCHQ case, Lord Roskill mentioned that â€Å"Prerogative powers such as those relating to the making of treaties, the defence of the realm, the prerogative of mercy†¦ are not, I think, subjected to judicial review because of their nature and subject matter is such as not to be amendable to the judicial process†. Thus, with RPs, courts would have the ability to judge whether they are implemented legitimately or not, dependent on the scope of the prerogative in question, but in the case regarding AOP, courts would not be able to question its validity, as stated by Lord Reid in Pickin (as above). This would be desirable as it would smoothen the relations between the Judiciary and Executive, with fewer conflicts between them. There are also situations whereby RP will be in conflict with statutes. As such, the Crown would not be able to exercise the prerogative power due to the doctrine of Parliamentary Sovereignty. In AG v De Keysers Royal Hotel, the Crown used the Royal Hotel during the First World War and the hotel later claimed for compensation under Defence Act 1842. Although the Crown argued that no compensation should be paid since there was an RP to acquire any land of the subject during wartime, the court held that when the statutory power and prerogative power co-existed, statutory power would override that of prerogative. Similarly, in R v Secretary of State for the Home Department, ex parte Fire Brigades Union, the Criminal Injuries Compensation Scheme set up under Ministerial Prerogative powers was used instead of the Criminal Justice Act 1988, so as to save money by awarding less compensation. The court held that if there is a statutory scheme, it cannot be replaced by the RP. To prevent these scenarios from happening, Parliament has taken steps in recent years to incorporate some RP into statutes. For example, the Treasure Act 1996 states that the prerogative right of treasure trove has been abolished and replaced by this Act. The Human Rights Act 1998 protects citizens against arbitrary use of prerogatives, and the Fixed-Term Parliament Act 2011 has incorporated the RP of dissolution of Parliament. Hence with these recent developments, RP will be in less conflict with AOPs and more consistent with them, enabling them to be more certain and accessible to the public. There are naysayers of codifying the RP that argue that such an act would increase the rigidity of the process to achieve the intended result. Indeed, this is true as can be seen in the prerogative to declare war on other countries. For such a result, the government would need the operational flexibility and speed of deployment that the RP provides. By incorporating it into a statute, not only will the efficiency of the government be reduced, excess publicity that the AOP will bring would undermine the success of the operation. In addition, there will be situations where the government cannot await Parliamentary approval due to time constraints. Be that as it may, in practice, the government in modern times have looked for Parliament’s approval regarding the issue of war. In 2006, then Prime Minister Tony Blair, following his own vote over Iraq in 2003, acknowledged that he could not conceive of a situation in which a government is going to go to war except in the circumstances where immediate action is required without a full Parliamentary debate. The Iraq war vote was a significant precedent that Parliament should give its approval regarding such matters. Following which, Prime Minister David Cameron in 2011 held a Parliamentary debate on whether UK should establish a no-fly zone in Libya after the outbreak of military action. Lastly, in September 2013, a Parliamentary debate was called to discuss the possible military intervention in Syria after chemical weapons were allegedly used on civilians. By calling a vote, the government was ensuring continuing adherence to the practice that Parliament should have a say in such issues. Hence, even if codifying the RP does increase rigidity, the process of ensuring Parliament’s approval is already established. Some might feel that codifying the RP would be sacrificing UK history as they would be forgoing part of their culture which makes their unwritten constitution unique in today’s world (inclusive of New Zealand and Israel). Nevertheless, the RP is considered by many to be an outdated power and is such an important one that it should not bypass democratic representation.

How the cold war promoted the civil rights movement in america, and how it promoted change

How the cold war promoted the civil rights movement in america, and how it promoted change Introduction. Cold war refers to the conflict between the nations that supported communism and they were headed by the Soviet Union and those that supported democracy and they were headed by the United States. The cold war was fought propaganda, fiscal warfare, political arguments and through martial conflicts at times. The cold war is said to have began around 1947 when President Truman of the United States affirmed his policy against communism thereby provoking a cold war commenced between the United States and the Soviet Union (Anonymous, 2002, 2). The war is said to have began as a result of the clear cut differences in the governance between the United States and the Soviet Union. For instance, in the United States, the populace had the privilege to select their own leaders and again they were allowed to come up with their own political organization and allowed the privileges to gather in the form of meetings and free communication (Anonymous, 2002, 3). While in the Soviet Union, the communist party had the mandate to select the people who would constitute the government, they had no right to form their own political movements; they were also not allowed the privilege of free communication and gathering (Anonymous, 2002, 4). Another possible cause of the conflict was as a result of global trade. While the United States wanted free trade among the various countries, the Soviet Union was trying to prevent its member countries from trading with the other countries in the world. Russia for instance, was hesitant in opening up to the rest of the western countries through trade since it was afraid of this having an influence on its autocratic governance. This therefore created a lot of tension between the United States and the Soviet Union. At the end of the World War 2, Europe had collapsed and so the international power was split between the United States and the Soviet Union. As a result of this, a lot of tension developed between these two unions as each one of them struggled to gain control over the world countries. Initial war started during peace agreement conferences and it got deepened when President Truman declared his policy against communism (Dudziak, 2006, 3). The Soviet Union had already begun expanding her influence in Europe even before the world war came to an end. It did this by deploring its red army to various parts of Europe and by the time the war came to a halt, it was already in control of a larger portion of the eastern side of Europe (Dudziak, 2006,4). The communists controlled the voting process in Europe and even won the first election and retained the powerful ministries of defense and military in the newly created government. Other factors that promoted the cold war was the Americans response to Russians influence on Europe which was rather quite negative, this furthered the bad blood between these two unions(Dudziak, 2006, 5). The reasons behind the establishment of civil rights movements. The ingress of the United States into the world war caused it a lot; for instance, a good number of the Americans were forced to move into the coastal lands around the Pacific, Atlantic and the Gulf in order to provide labor in the war industries. At the end of the war, America was significantly better placed after the war than several other countries that had been involved in the war. The GI Bill was passed in 1944 in order to provide support for the people who had been involved in the war to access education and economic development (Dudziak, 2006, 4). The Americans therefore looked for all the means and opportunities to rebuild their lives. Though not all of them got an equal chance in exploring the available opportunities. The whites had an advantage in all this and were able to be better placed economically than the other groups such as the Hispanics and African Americans (Dudziak, 2006, 4) These groups, commonly known as the minority groups developed an aggression in fighting for their civil rights in order to enjoy the complete rights and privileges that had been indicated in the constitution after the war (Dudziak, 2006, 5). The uprising of the civil rights movements in the US. The civil rights movements in the USA refer to a fight especially by the African Americans to acquire equal. Civil rights as all the other Americans. This movements had a lot of influence on America and they lead to an improved approval of constitutional rights and it also exposed the country to the pervasiveness and cost of racial discrimination. As a result of this, the African Americans came together with the some of the whites in the United States to protest against bigotry that was real in the US. For quite some time during the world war, a few African Americans had united to fight for equal rights but after the world war quite a number of the civil rights movements came into the limelight. A significant period in the civil rights movements occurred between the years 1950s and 1960s when strong civil rights lobby groups were formed and Martin Luther king Junior became the head of these civil rights pressure groups (Dudziak, 2006, 7). King arranged remonstration through public meetings, embargos and demonstrations. His expectation was that the individuals who were seeking equal rights through tranquility and courteous would be in support of the movements that he believed supported peaceful lobbying for the equivalent privileges for both the whites and the blacks. In 1964 and1965 (Dudziak, 2006, 7), the movements succeeded in having the central government pass the civil rights act and the voting rights acts. These acts abolished racial segregation, pledged the African Americans equal defense by the constitution and also guaranteed them the right to vote. Even though these acts were passed and the African American were really impressed, the civil rights movements did not stop here as the African Americans continued fighting for equal remuneration and access to educational opportunities for the blacks and the whites(Dudziak, 2006,8). The cold war and the civil rights movements in the US highlight the correlation between the American approach to racism within its borders, across the borders and the international relations during the period just after the world war two. A weak correlation between the American home policy and foreign policy on racism and discrimination was evident during this period because racial discrimination (Dudziak, 2002, 76) economic and social inequalities and racial violence continued in the US. This sparked lot of international protests and the image of the United States became tainted internationally. It was rather absurd to have the United States trying to shape discrimination in the other countries while it could not handle the discrimination within its own walls. In order to correct its tainted image, the United States defended itself by claiming that the existence of so many races within the country was a strong sign of racial equality in the country. The American government also decided to have control over the African Americans who were living in countries outside the United States; they did this in order to prevent them from bringing to the international communitys attention, the reality of racism in the US(Dudziak, 2002, 79). For instance, the government seized the passports of W.E.B DuBois and Paul Robeson when they tried to expose the discrimination against the blacks in the US. A number of writers such as Richard Wright and Baldwin James were also forced to flee to other countries; from those regions they continuously subverted the governments strategies and policies on solving the racism issue. Josephine Baker, a musician was forced to move out of the country due discrimination in the US which according to her was seriously interferi ng with her musical career. Even after she denounced her American citizenship, the American government continued to silence her through propaganda, liaising with the media in the countries she was to discredit any information she gave and they also conducted investigations that could link her to communist governance in order to taint her name (Dudziak, 2002, 79). Even though the government was trying to silence the anti racism activists leaving outside America, President Truman felt that as a result of the cold war that was raging between the US and the Soviet Union, it was important that societal amendments were made in order to put the US at an advantage in this battle. As a result of this, the presidents committee on civil rights in 1947 was formed; this policy analyzed the need to tackle the civil rights issue in the country since it was seriously interfering with the countrys international relations. The President therefore recommended the senate to pass the civil rights laws that would abolish killings of the African Americans, allow the blacks voting rights and to establish a permanent civil rights body to look into the rights of the blacks. All these recommendations failed to see the light of the day; this was as a result of the prevalence of the Southern Democrats in a number of the senate committees who had all along been opposed to granting equal rights for the African Americans and the whites(Dudziak, 2002,). Truman felt frustrated by the senates conduct and so he decided to use the authority of the administrative and the lawmaking divisions in order to handle issues affecting the government. He therefore decided to integrate the US Armed forces through administrative command (Dudziak, 2006, 8). He also allowed the filling of the amicus curiae briefings that were in support of the cases that were presented by the NAACP at the courts. These updates laid emphasis on the need to abandon racism as it was becoming a drawback in Americas war against communism. The cold war therefore created a necessity to tackle the civil rights issues in the United States (Dudziak, 2006, 8). The changes brought about by the cold war. The cold war had a lot of impacts on a number of countries around the world. For instance, as a result of the cold war the communism system of governance ended, USA became the major super power, a number of the countries that had earlier on been under the Soviet Union attained independence, the Warsaw pact got dismantled(Buzzle.com, 2005, 4), the two states that earlier on made Germany were unified again to form todays Germany after the destruction of the Berlin wall(Buzzle.com, 2005, 4), the Soviet Union crumbled, the Vietnam and Korean wars erupted and both The United States and the Soviet Union established huge caches of various types of weapons (Buzzle.com, 2005, 4). Conclusion. The cold war refers to a conflict that existed between the United States and the Soviet Union; while united sates supported democracy, the soviet union supported communism, this sharp differences was the cause of tension as each of the unions tried to draw a large number of the other world countries towards its ideologies. The cold war also intensified because the US acquired a lot of atomic weapons, the Soviet Unions acquisition of a larger portion of the Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union was also worried about the US using the Western part of Europe to wage war against it. These factors and several others, created a serious tension between these two unions. At the end of the world war the Americans were looking for all the opportunities to improve their living standards but the minority groups such as the African Americans, Hispanics and the others felt exclude and as a result they started fighting for the rights to enjoy the privileges that the constitution had indicated for all the citizens. As a result of this, a number of civil rights movements were formed in order to fight for the rights of the African Americans that continuously became infringed by the white Americans. The US fought the Soviet Union by strongly criticizing its communist form of governance and this meant a war to promote human rights and democracy. The irony of all this was that the United States was also facing a serious domestic problem; racial discrimination. This made the USs efforts to fight communism futile as the foreign relations between the country and other democracies strained on the grounds that the US was abating racism. President Truman therefore made recommendations to the senate to pass bill that would promote equal rights and privileges for all its citizens. But since the recommendations failed to go through the congress, Truman used his executive powers to desegregate the armed forces. In 1964 and 1965, civil rights act and the voting rights acts were passed that allowed the African Americans civil rights as well as voting rights. Work Cited. Anonymous. The postwar United States, 1945-1968. lcweb2.loc.gov. 2002. 15 March, 2010, Buzzle.com. Causes and effects of the cold war. Buzzle.com. 2005. 15 March, 2010, http://www.buzzle.com/articles/causes-and-effects-of-the-cold-war.html http://lcweb2.loc.gov/ammem/ndlpedu/features/timeline/postwar/postwar.html Dudziak, Mary. Cold war civil rights. Chnm.gmu.edu. 2006. 15 March, 2010, http://chnm.gmu.edu/courses/schrag/wiki/index.php?title=Cold_War_Civil_Right Dudziak, Mary. Cold War civil rights: race and the image of American democracy. University Press. ISBN0691095132, 9780691095134. 2002

Josh Hamilton the Baseball Player Essay -- biographies bio biography

â€Å"I'll never forget Opening Day in Cincinnati. When they called my name during introductions and a sellout crowd stood and cheered, I looked into the stands and saw Katie and our two kids, Sierra who's nearly 2, and my 6-year-old stepdaughter, Julia, and my parents and Katie's parents. I had to swallow hard to keep from breaking down right there. They were all crying, but I had to at least try to keep it together†(Tim Keown). This is a reaction that nearly passed by All-Star outfielder Josh Hamilton of the Texas Rangers. Josh Hamilton grew up knowing and loving only two things in his life, his family and baseball. With a steady head throughout high school Hamilton earned success on the baseball diamond. Attaining such honors as being named Baseball America’s High School Player of the Year, USA Baseball’s Amateur Player of the Year, and twice chosen as North Carolinas Gatorade High School Player of the Year (Josh Hamilton). "I guess not going No. 1 wouldn't have totally destroyed me, but there's prestige going No. 1, and I'm certainly happy to be No. 1.† Said Hamilton after being drafted number one overall on June 2, 1999 in Major League Baseball’s First-Year Player Draft (My Josh!). Things would soon become more daunting for the young 18 year old. After a Spring Training game in 2000 Hamilton and his parents were involved in an automobile accident. His parents departed for Raleigh soon after to recover, yet Hamilton was left alone to rehab on his own. â€Å"I'd been the Devil Rays' No. 1 pick in the 1999 draft, supposedly a five-tool prospect. I was a big, strong man, and I was supposed to be able to handle my problems myself† (Tim Keown). Imagine having to stay away from the one thing that brings you enjoyment for an extended amount o... ...>. Hamilton, Josh. "Josh Hamilton - I am second." Interview. Youtube.com. 22 Jan. 2009 . Hamilton, Josh. "Josh Hamilton." Interview. Youtube.com. 22 Jan. 2009 . "Josh Hamilton Larry King Live." Interview with Larry King. Youtube.com. 22 Jan. 2009 . "Josh Hamilton." Player Info. MLB. 22 Jan. 2009 . "My Josh." Sports Illustrated 2 June 1999. 22 Jan. 2009 . Ray, James L. "Josh Hamilton comes back to life." Suite101.com. 3 June 2008. 22 Jan. 2009 . Josh Hamilton the Baseball Player Essay -- biographies bio biography â€Å"I'll never forget Opening Day in Cincinnati. When they called my name during introductions and a sellout crowd stood and cheered, I looked into the stands and saw Katie and our two kids, Sierra who's nearly 2, and my 6-year-old stepdaughter, Julia, and my parents and Katie's parents. I had to swallow hard to keep from breaking down right there. They were all crying, but I had to at least try to keep it together†(Tim Keown). This is a reaction that nearly passed by All-Star outfielder Josh Hamilton of the Texas Rangers. Josh Hamilton grew up knowing and loving only two things in his life, his family and baseball. With a steady head throughout high school Hamilton earned success on the baseball diamond. Attaining such honors as being named Baseball America’s High School Player of the Year, USA Baseball’s Amateur Player of the Year, and twice chosen as North Carolinas Gatorade High School Player of the Year (Josh Hamilton). "I guess not going No. 1 wouldn't have totally destroyed me, but there's prestige going No. 1, and I'm certainly happy to be No. 1.† Said Hamilton after being drafted number one overall on June 2, 1999 in Major League Baseball’s First-Year Player Draft (My Josh!). Things would soon become more daunting for the young 18 year old. After a Spring Training game in 2000 Hamilton and his parents were involved in an automobile accident. His parents departed for Raleigh soon after to recover, yet Hamilton was left alone to rehab on his own. â€Å"I'd been the Devil Rays' No. 1 pick in the 1999 draft, supposedly a five-tool prospect. I was a big, strong man, and I was supposed to be able to handle my problems myself† (Tim Keown). Imagine having to stay away from the one thing that brings you enjoyment for an extended amount o... ...>. Hamilton, Josh. "Josh Hamilton - I am second." Interview. Youtube.com. 22 Jan. 2009 . Hamilton, Josh. "Josh Hamilton." Interview. Youtube.com. 22 Jan. 2009 . "Josh Hamilton Larry King Live." Interview with Larry King. Youtube.com. 22 Jan. 2009 . "Josh Hamilton." Player Info. MLB. 22 Jan. 2009 . "My Josh." Sports Illustrated 2 June 1999. 22 Jan. 2009 . Ray, James L. "Josh Hamilton comes back to life." Suite101.com. 3 June 2008. 22 Jan. 2009 .

Ethan Frome Questions

1. The symbolism of the light of Mattie’s candle and the darkness of the Fromes’ room is that the light represents hope and love that Ethan desires which Zeena does not have. The darkness of Zeena is what is in the way of Ethan’s love for Mattie. 2. Ethan feels a dread in Zeena’s silence on this particular morning because Ethan’s mind becomes preoccupied with Mattie. He regrets not kissing her the night before and his thinks about the relationship between Zeena and Mattie which has been weird lately. 3. Zeena’s sudden decision to see a new doctor on this particular morning is unusual.Ethan dreads her decision because of the cost of the medications she will get. He welcomes her decision because this is the first time Zeena will be away for the night and him and Mattie will be alone together. 4. Ethan’s excuse for not driving Zeena to the flats is that he needs to go collect the cash from Andrew Hale upon his delivery of a load of wood t hat afternoon. Chapter 4 1. Ethan’s fantasy about the kitchen was that him and Mattie would sit together, one on each side of the stove; he would be smoking his pipe and she would be laughing and talking in the funny way she did. 2.Zeena’s arrival affects Ethan because it made him feel less lonely. Fearing the return of his loneliness when his mother died, Ethan asked Zeena to marry him. 3. Ethan’s motives for remaining on the farm were that he wanted to sell the farm and saw-mill and try moving to a larger town because he had always wanted to be an engineer. He thought that with a smart wife like Zeena it would be easy for him to make a place for himself. 4. The situations on the farm life and home life affected Ethan because he was never able to sell his farm and his wife had become so sick that all his hopes were crushed and he could never live his dream. . Ruth and Ned contrast Ethan and Mattie because Ruth and Ned are engaged and can show their love for eac h other in public and they can share their happiness. On the other hand, Ethan and Mattie have â€Å"such a thirst for each other in their hearts† (Wharton 69). They cannot show their feelings to anyone. 6. As Ethan heads towards the farm, the atmosphere reflects his feelings because it is a thick fleecy sky threatening snow for the next day and Ethan is feeling down as well. 7.Ethan’s actions and Mattie’s appearance at the door contrast the events of the previous evening. In the previous evening, Zeena had stood with the lamp looking bony and unattractive. This time, Mattie had a lifted lamp in her hand and had a crimson ribbon in her hair. 8. Zeena’s cat is intrusive and very symbolic. The cat jumps up onto the table, breaking a pickle dish. Its actions symbolize Zeena’s invisible presence. It’s like a force that comes between Mattie and Ethan and reminds them of Zeena’s existence. 9.Mattie’s concern about the broken pickle d ish is caused by her remembering that Zeena told her to never use that dish because it was Zeena’s favorite wedding present. 10. Ethan feels a â€Å"thrilling sense of mastery† because he helped solve the problem for Mattie and made her feel better about causing the accident to happen. Chapter 5 1. Zeena’s cat and the rocking chair are further reminders of Zeena. When Mattie sits down on Zeena’s cat, Ethan sees the specter of Zeena’s face to have appeared in place of Mattie’s features.He begins to feel uneasy and Mattie leaves and goes back to where she was sitting before. Then the cat takes its spot on Zeena’s chair. 2. The reference to the elm foreshadows a later action. Ethan says that â€Å"there’s an ugly corner down by the big elm† (Wharton 80). He is scared because if you don’t keep your eyes open you would crash right into it while sledding. 3. Mattie says â€Å"Nobody can tell with Zeena†, she is r eferring to what Zeena thinks of her and how she wants Mattie to get married. Chapter 6 1. Ethan’s morning joy is contradicted by the frustrations of the day.He sends Jotham to pick up Zeena at the train station but one of the horses slips on the ice and cuts its knee, and the sleety rain makes loading the logs difficult. Ethan heads to the Eady store to look for glue to fix Zeena’s broken dish, but he can’t find any there. He then goes to widow Honan’s store and finds one last bottle of glue. 2. Ethan wonders â€Å"what happened in the drive to nerve Jotham to such stoicism†. He thinks that maybe Zeena wasn’t able to see the new doctor or didn’t like something about what the doctor did and she usually blames her grievances on the first person she meets.

Free Essays on Information Society In Europe

The Information Society will affect everyone in the world. Some people will actively take part in the development, others will use the emerging technologies to create business opportunities and the majority of the citizens will use the new applications and services. It is a challenge to create an Information Society for everyone in Europe, taken into account cultural differences, level of development in different regions, increased global competition in the information technology area, the implications for the citizens in Europe etc. In this respect the European Commission’s work consequently covers many areas of importance in the establishment of the Information Society. As an example of these important areas I would like to highlight the creation of a regulatory and legal framework to support the development of the Information Society (addressing issues like telecom liberalisation, interconnection, standards, copyright, privacy, encryption, intellectual property right, media ownership); the support for the development of infrastructure, applications, and services; social, the societal and cultural aspects and promotional activities for improving the citizens’ awareness of the possibilities and implications of the emerging technologies. To support the work and development in these areas the Commission has established several programmes and initiatives contributing to the development of the Information Society. The projects and initiatives financed cover many areas of the Information Society and range from basic research projects to awareness actions, each contributing to a better European position in terms of competitiveness and in the overall understanding of the implications, risks and opportunities the development of the Information Society will bring for the future.... Free Essays on Information Society In Europe Free Essays on Information Society In Europe The Information Society will affect everyone in the world. Some people will actively take part in the development, others will use the emerging technologies to create business opportunities and the majority of the citizens will use the new applications and services. It is a challenge to create an Information Society for everyone in Europe, taken into account cultural differences, level of development in different regions, increased global competition in the information technology area, the implications for the citizens in Europe etc. In this respect the European Commission’s work consequently covers many areas of importance in the establishment of the Information Society. As an example of these important areas I would like to highlight the creation of a regulatory and legal framework to support the development of the Information Society (addressing issues like telecom liberalisation, interconnection, standards, copyright, privacy, encryption, intellectual property right, media ownership); the support for the development of infrastructure, applications, and services; social, the societal and cultural aspects and promotional activities for improving the citizens’ awareness of the possibilities and implications of the emerging technologies. To support the work and development in these areas the Commission has established several programmes and initiatives contributing to the development of the Information Society. The projects and initiatives financed cover many areas of the Information Society and range from basic research projects to awareness actions, each contributing to a better European position in terms of competitiveness and in the overall understanding of the implications, risks and opportunities the development of the Information Society will bring for the future....

Human Resource Management (HRM) Level 4 Assignment 1 Coursework

Human Resource Management (HRM) Level 4 Assignment 1 Coursework Human Resource Management (HRM) Level 4 Assignment 1 – Coursework Example Criticism of HRM Causes of Misunderstandings of the Roles of that HRM Performs There has been a lot of is misunderstanding of the roles performed by the HRM. Such misunderstandings, usually result due to various reasons, some of which are job related. In most cases, the roles performed by HRM are usually confused with the roles of other personnel in the HR department or in the organization as a whole. This ends in confusion and misunderstanding of the roles performed by the HRM. In as much as roles such as leading are usually left to the HRM, other human resource personnel also find themselves performing such roles, hence ending n misunderstanding of who really is to perform such duties (Trost, 2010). Secondly, as the HRM tries to execute his duties, it could easily be misunderstood that employees should confront them with confidentiality. However, when seeking the help of HRM, it should not be kept confidential. Instead, the HRM should protect the confidence of those who seek their help and only share the information with those who really need to know. The fact that HRM is an employee of an organization, it is usually believed that their role is to have the interest of the company at hand. However, HRM also ensures compliance o the human resource regulations in the company. This also causes misunderstanding of the roles that the HRM performs in an organization.Criticism of HRM and how to reduce themFirst, HRM is considered to be more rhetoric than a reality. Many supporters have created a lot of hype around this concept (Aswathappa, 2007). The term HRM in itself also lacks precision that anybody can use it to mean what they want. Secondly, there is money cost in the HRM functions, however, no attempt has been made to carry out a cost-benefit analysis. To reduce such criticisms, there’s a need for a precise definition of HRM including its functions, extensiveness as well as coverage. Every HRM function should also be subjected to cost-benefit analysis to enable the management to identify the functions with their costs and benefits together. ReferencesAswathappa, K. (2007). Human Resource and Personnel Management (4th ed.). New Delhi: Tata McGraw-Hill.Trost, A. (2010, November 23). Is HR Too Important tobe left to HR? Harvard Business Review, 1-2. Retrieved from https://hbr.org/2010/11/is-hr-too-important-to-be-left

Free Essays on Two Neighbors

TWO NEIGHBORS:CANADA AND THE U.S Every nation in attendance at an international symposium on elephants had to deliver a report on the animals.America saw the economic values in : â€Å"Raising elephants for Fund and Profit†.The Canadian report was of course,typically Canadian:†The elephant:A federal or Provincial Responsibility?† This humorous little story points a big difference between the US and Canada out:how different economic values separate these twin sisters with different characters.This difference influences attitudes towards life,friendship and nature.And because of this big difference l believe Canada is a better place to live. First of all,gaining the financial power is the only means of gaining â€Å"security† in the US.As the US wants to keep this it tends to see other parts of the world as market places where it can control the act of imporing and exporting.To keep its financial status the US believes that it has to be on the top in every field.Because of that most Americans, if not all ,boast of their mighty army which intimidates its strong rivals in the world market. In contast to the US Canada feels secure despite its failure in economy.Though the unemployment rate is higher the crime rate is lower.Because of that in Canada people do not even bother to lock their locks.In Michael Moore’s 9/11 this interesting issue can be seen.Also,as they do not see other countries as treats to themselves they believe other countries do not see Canada as a treat .As a result,they do not feel obliged to have a powerful army. In the US forming a friendship is mostly because of Professional needs.The more social they become the more chance they have to get a better job ,that is to say, a higher salary.Though many can hear an American saying â€Å"Good Morning!† while going to work their friendship ends there.Besides,as they are in a hurry to get a higher salary they can not find tim... Free Essays on Two Neighbors Free Essays on Two Neighbors TWO NEIGHBORS:CANADA AND THE U.S Every nation in attendance at an international symposium on elephants had to deliver a report on the animals.America saw the economic values in : â€Å"Raising elephants for Fund and Profit†.The Canadian report was of course,typically Canadian:†The elephant:A federal or Provincial Responsibility?† This humorous little story points a big difference between the US and Canada out:how different economic values separate these twin sisters with different characters.This difference influences attitudes towards life,friendship and nature.And because of this big difference l believe Canada is a better place to live. First of all,gaining the financial power is the only means of gaining â€Å"security† in the US.As the US wants to keep this it tends to see other parts of the world as market places where it can control the act of imporing and exporting.To keep its financial status the US believes that it has to be on the top in every field.Because of that most Americans, if not all ,boast of their mighty army which intimidates its strong rivals in the world market. In contast to the US Canada feels secure despite its failure in economy.Though the unemployment rate is higher the crime rate is lower.Because of that in Canada people do not even bother to lock their locks.In Michael Moore’s 9/11 this interesting issue can be seen.Also,as they do not see other countries as treats to themselves they believe other countries do not see Canada as a treat .As a result,they do not feel obliged to have a powerful army. In the US forming a friendship is mostly because of Professional needs.The more social they become the more chance they have to get a better job ,that is to say, a higher salary.Though many can hear an American saying â€Å"Good Morning!† while going to work their friendship ends there.Besides,as they are in a hurry to get a higher salary they can not find tim...

Modern, post-modern and other critical approaches ( Subject of your Essay

Modern, post-modern and other critical approaches ( Subject of your choice) - Essay Example One such aspect affected by postmodernism in any aspect of a business, marketing in particular, involves the sphere of business ethics, because it is in the marketing function that the business makes a promise to its customers, and customers respond on the basis of this promise in the corresponding sale. If there is an aspect of business that must be as categorical and definite as possible, it is this interface between the customer and the firm. Ethics is governed by a set of norms and values that define relationships between people. In the context of business, ethical behaviour, or one that is conceived to be, is necessary to maintain trust in what is essentially a fiduciary relationship (as between transacting parties, faith that each counterparty will comply with his or her obligations). Were such a relationship governed by the subjectivity of postmodernism, then the clarity of obligations between parties – what is promised and how it should be accomplished – will be tantamount to an unenforceable matter because of a lack of definition. For this reason, there have been spirited debates about the effect of postmodernism on the conduct of business ethics. This paper shall first discuss the meaning and significance of postmodern marketing and its usefulness as a strategic business tool; thereafter, the discussion shall well on the degree to which postmodern marketing may promote or impede realization of imperatives of business ethics. Meaning of postmodernism vis-a-vis modernism Before the topic of â€Å"postmodern marketing† could be discussed, it is necessary to give a meaning to the term â€Å"postmodern† – and upon a quick scan of the available literature, the only impression that the reader is left with is that postmodernism defies definition. The term conveys something that is â€Å"after modern†. The dilemma in this term is that the layman’s connotation of â€Å"modern† is that of the here and now; therefore there can never be an after-now, because â€Å"modern† is always current and always new. As much as been said by some authors, who state that â€Å"modern would seem to be a time-descriptive term, not a fixed state, and therefore †modern† and â€Å"postmodern† had often been interchanged and are, sometimes, used to connote the same thing (Alloway, 1981). To this reader’s mind, it amusedly mirrors the similarity between â€Å"flammable† and â€Å"inflammable† that the inclusion of a prefix does not change the meaning conveyed. One’s misconceptions are set aright, however, with the explanation Firat, Dholakia, and Venkatesh (1994) about the distinction between modernism and postmodernism. Modernism does not describe the attribute of things due to their currency in time, but rather a state of mind in viewing things. In postmodernism, the individual, self, freedom, agency, and structure, all of these become â€Å"ephemera l rather than essential and fixed† (Firat, et al., 1994, p. 40). They are viewed as imaginary, as in a myth system, compared to modernism’s concept of things as essential and fixed. When something is allowed to be a myth, however, then it ceases to have a substantial reality, and instead may assume several essences, to as many who would perceive it. The reality of the thing exists in the mind of the viewer, and if this mythical reality is to be sustained over its substantive

Why does the financial industry need to be regulated Research Paper

Why does the financial industry need to be regulated - Research Paper Example A sound financial industry primarily involves deep, efficient markets, solvent, operational financial intermediaries and a legal framework that clearly defines the rights and obligations of all participants. Financial markets are the core of any financial system architecture, holding a central position as they are a real catalyst for the overall economic activity. Depending on country-specific factors, culture and historical traditions, but also on the globalization of markets, national financial systems have both special features and common elements. Academic literature provides a classification of financial systems as follows: Bank-dominated financial systems (the German-Japanese model); Capital-market dominated financial systems (the Anglo-American model). If analyzing the characteristics of the financial systems over the past 30 years, we note the shift from the traditional bank-based orientation towards capital markets. Crucial elements of this change are monetary and financial integration processes and financial innovation. As part of financial industry, the US financial companies enhance money flows by offering various services in different areas: accounting, bank and credit unions, consultancy, insurance agencies, investment banking, professional services, security brokers, venture capital. With combined annual revenue of almost $65 billion, the US accounting and fiscal industry sums more than 90,000 companies (Richardson). The leading players providing accounting services include Price Water House Coopers, Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu, Ernst & Young, KPMG and H&R Block. The same recent statistical data reveal the structure of the US banking system shaped by 8,000 commercial banks, 1,400 savings banks and 10,000 credit unions with combined annual revenue of $600 billion. Bank of America, JPMorgan Chase, Citibank, and Wachovia are the most powerful commercial banks. The US banking market is highly concentrated, 50 largest institutions spreading more than 60% of the financial industry. The credit union environment displays a fragmented anatomy with 6% of industry revenue, much lower than commercial banks percentage (80%) and closer to savings banks, with a share of 14%. Financial planning and consultancy services shape an industry with annual revenue of $15 billion split between 10,000 US firms. Morningstar, Value Line and units of financial services companies are in the top. In the field of insurance services, the 130,000 US units generate annual revenue of $85 billion, having as market leaders March & McLennan, Arthur J. Gallagher and Aon. Investment banking is served by 2000 companies with annual revenue of almost $110 billion, with the largest 50 firms holding 90% of the sector. Morgan Stanley and Goldman Sachs are the key competitors. The securities brokerage industry includes less than 4000 bodies, while the major players in investment companies are Merrill Lynch, Charles Schwab, AG Edwards, and brokerage companies like Citigroup and Fidelity. Venture capital industry generates annual revenue of about $26 billion and has more than $250 billion under management. The most important companies include New Enterprise Associates, Kleiner Perkins Caufield and Byers, and Technology Crossover Ventures. Why does the financial industry need to be regulated? The empirical literature (Goodhart et al.) and practical experience point out three main reasons that justify government intervention in the financial industry: 1). Information asymmetry: unlike financial institutions, customers are much less informed, so that financial supervision aims to balance the situation; 2). Externalities: the collapse of an

Automobile Brake Disc and Pad Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Automobile Brake Disc and Pad - Essay Example However, in special cases such as in racing cars or for people with disability, hands may be used as a means of enhancing efficiency, according to Owen (2010). It is very interesting that many people still wonders how a small peddle, in the form of a car brake is able to stop a huge car in motion with just a slight press of the brake. Similarly, it is still a mystery to many people, how it happens, though people increasingly understand the working system of a car brake. Basically, when a driver presses the brakes with the help of the legs, a force is transmitted from the driver’s foot to the brakes via a fluid. However, since the car needs a much greater force than applied by the leg to stop, the car normally multiplies the force applied by the foot. The braking system then transmits the force to the car tires and consequently the tires transmit the force to the road where the friction law applies and the car stops (Erjavec, 2008). Car brakes are of two types, namely drum and disc brakes. Drum brakes is a type of breaking system that stops a car in motion by friction, when brake shoes are pressed against the drum. Drum brakes have many components that are important for its operation. These include drum, piston, wheel cylinder, return spring, brake shoe, stud, brake pads, wheel hub, and brake lining. The existence of these components makes it easy for drivers to stop vehicles easily by applying just a little pressure on the brake pedal (Gilles, 2005). Disc brakes, on the other hand, are a round, flat metallic pieces that spin together with the wheel. When brakes are applied against the wheel, a caliper squeezes the brake pads against the disc (rotor) thereby causing friction that makes the wheel to slow down and eventually stop. Disc brakes consist of different components such as brake pads, the caliper that has a piston and the rotor usually mounted to the hub. Research indicates that most modern cars are increasingly adopting the use of disc brakes fixe d in front of the wheels while others have disc brakes on all the four wheels (Erjavec, 2003). An example of a disc brake (brake rotor) commonly used on modern cars is the single-piston floating caliper. The most striking feature of this rotor is that it is both self-centering and self-adjusting. The caliper here is capable of sliding from side to side thereby making it move to the center every time the brakes are applied. In addition, since this type of disc lacks the spring to pull the pads away from the disc, the pads normally stay intact with the rotor. This is crucial since the pistons in the brakes have a larger diameter than those in the master cylinder. In case the pistons retract into their cylinders, the brake pedal might require several applications to be able to pump enough fluid into the brake cylinder so as to engage the brake pads (Gilles, 2005). The type of brake rotor one buys depends greatly on the type of vehicle that one drives, as well as the type of driving one does. For instance, carbon reinforced rotors were the most commonly used discs in racing cars such as in Formula One racing cars. This is based on its ability to get heated up to high temperatures needed for proper braking. However, this is no longer the case as it has been replaced by the carbon-fiber reinforced ceramic brake rotor, which is the most preferred for use currently in racing cars. This is attributed to its high performance on the road. For example, high performance cars such as the latest Porsche Carrera GT, Corvette ZR1, and Ferrari Enzo use ceramic

Managment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Managment - Essay Example I am of the view that there must be efforts in place to counter the short-sightedness which is apparent in the working methodologies of the medics and staff and this must not be taken for granted since a lot of advancement has already been made in the said field and it would not be wrong if the same is applied to the field of my corporation for which I will be the manager. I will take care of the food and nutrition under my hold and guarantee that no such shortcoming could be expected from the people who would work under me as well as my own self. There will be zero tolerance as far as quality of food and nutrition is concerned and only 100% genuine and fresh quality products would be entertained while all others would be simply discarded off the table. Thus I would set proper measures as far as food and related undertakings are concerned. I would make it mandatory for all the staff related directly or indirectly with food within the organization to wash their hands thoroughly before they enter the premises. This would ignite a sense of cleanliness within them and our working regimes would be instilled with the best possible safety levels undoubtedly. I will make sure that these rules are followed to the core and there is no aspect of straying from the set rules under any situation whatsoever. Thus I plan to incorporate a plan of action as soon as I take charge in the capacity of manager which would guarantee that cleanliness and hygiene remains at the fore front of all food related activities. This would be attached with heavy fines, punishments and even suspensions from duty if adhering to the rules seem to be a problem for the staff. In essence, I plan to set such an environment which will get the ball rolling in the right direction. Safety and hygiene would continue to be taken in the most important stead within the organization and this would essentially change the related basis of safety and health system which is prevalent at the very moment. All my

Funding Healthcare System, Sharing Risk and Portfolio Theory Thesis

Funding Healthcare System, Sharing Risk and Portfolio Theory - Thesis Example 10). These processes are vital for the policy makers as well as planners who often face challenges in designing health care funding systems towards meeting the specific social, economics, and political objectives. Many countries are ever under constant pressure in issues related to social policies since they often experience increased expenditure and scarce resources. Nonetheless, the policy makers must analyze the following three options: increasing health care funding and containing costs or both. The heath care funding and expenditure crisis have introduced radical changes in the organizational and funding mechanisms within the health care sectors (Grossman, 2011; pg. 12). Since the 1970s, the cost containment is the principal driving factor in the discussion of the health care policies especially in the industrialized nations. Despite the underlying challenges in funding health care systems, an articulated and a well balance budget will provide sufficient revenue towards managing health care systems. Notably, nations have restrained themselves from bulk revenue borrowing; otherwise, economies have shift to sound economic policies with focus on revenue policies. Can these changes produce sufficient and sustainable health care funding systems? Literature Review Government or associated organizations often pay the bulk of the funding of the health care services. The major part of these funds is generated from the tax collected from the citizens of such nations. For instance, in the United Kingdom has a single payer system that governs its healthcare systems (Grossman, 2011; pg. 72). The UK taxation and health care funding system take funds directly from the government to the health care systems. In other nations like Germany and France, the government collect tax from the citizens and only fund part of the health care systems towards paying individuals and employees among other involved costs. In other nations such as America, a certain portion of the health c are system is often market based. In the market based funding systems, the health care systems are paid for by the private entities including employers and individuals. Moreover, the market-based systems require governments to provide health care to the vulnerable persons (Elton and Gruber, 1999). For example, in the United States, it is the responsibility of the federal government to fund health care systems towards supporting the disable and the elderly through its federal supported Medicaid program. On the other hand, the federal and state supported Medicaid program aims at covering the health care services for the low-income earners. These two different health care funding approaches have their different distinct applicability within the health care sector. Individuals and private organizations generally deliver the market-based systems. Moreover, a part of the systems is usually subjected to a certain level of competition. Market base funding systems is often open to many suppl iers, providers, and payers as well as persons with insurance that aims at serving their specific medical needs (Glied and Smith, 2011). In such funding mechanisms, doctors may be given a benefit of practice as a guideline that direct them of when and what different treatment to be applied; however, they are ever free in making care decisions depending on

Strategic human resource management -2.2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Strategic human resource management -2.2 - Essay Example This orientation is important as it may be reflected in the training, socialization and attitude of the new employee affecting the performance of the organisation. The goal of Natural Knibbles is to create a company that provides attractive place to work, helps employees to fully utilise their potential  and  offer  secure,  long-term  employment  (Stone,  2008,  p.375).  The orientation program helps in portraying this image of the company. First, the orientation program provides a complete description of the environment and culture at Natural Knibbles. Second, important information related to the job such as responsibilities and duties is explained providing on-the-job training to the new employees under a process called ‘buddy system with experienced employees. Thus, the orientation program allows the new employees to explore their skills and abilities in a new environment which adds to the value and growth of the employees. What forms of training and devel opment do you believe would have been beneficial to (a) Kane (b) Lisa following their initial experiences at Natural Knibbles? According to Nankervis et al. (2011), the aim of training is to provide or maintain effective job level performance to achieve goals of organisation as well as personal. Given that Lisa and Kane were new entrants in the organisation, on-the-job training was a good decision but the way it was carried out was not at all progressive to them or the organisation. Continuous changing the roles was not beneficial for them as they could not adjust and fully understand any role or position. Since Lisa had TAFE training, she had a better understanding of the organisation’s processes which allowed her to excel in on-the-job training making it the best training and development option for her. On-the-job training as argued by Nankervis et al. (2011) develops practical work experiences and helps in building relations with the peers if the employee is a new entrant. In case of Kane, he did not possess any TAFE qualifications and worked in large company did not have any experience in working with a small family oriented company. Off-the-job training would have been a better option for him, which could have consisted of e-learning, simulation training or conference or classroom training (Nankervis et al. 2011). On-the-job training created confusion for him causing the peers to provide negative comments on his performance. What are the advantages and disadvantages of peer evaluation, and why would Natural Knibbles choose this approach as part of its performance management process? The performance management process needs to begin by taking in to consideration the strategic plan of organisation and penetrate every level of organisation to reach every employee (Nankervis et al. 2011). One such performance management process is peer evaluation. Peer evaluation has many advantages foremost being that the peers can relate well with the employee who is being evaluated. Peers, because work together, have the ability to evaluate the person whether he/she is doing well in the activity as others. Peers reviews can improve the quality of the work and performance of the employees as they can learn from each other. Because of the peer evaluation, company can also improve the performance management process if it seems that this performance measure is not providing a complete evaluation of the employee’

Managment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Managment - Essay Example I am of the view that there must be efforts in place to counter the short-sightedness which is apparent in the working methodologies of the medics and staff and this must not be taken for granted since a lot of advancement has already been made in the said field and it would not be wrong if the same is applied to the field of my corporation for which I will be the manager. I will take care of the food and nutrition under my hold and guarantee that no such shortcoming could be expected from the people who would work under me as well as my own self. There will be zero tolerance as far as quality of food and nutrition is concerned and only 100% genuine and fresh quality products would be entertained while all others would be simply discarded off the table. Thus I would set proper measures as far as food and related undertakings are concerned. I would make it mandatory for all the staff related directly or indirectly with food within the organization to wash their hands thoroughly before they enter the premises. This would ignite a sense of cleanliness within them and our working regimes would be instilled with the best possible safety levels undoubtedly. I will make sure that these rules are followed to the core and there is no aspect of straying from the set rules under any situation whatsoever. Thus I plan to incorporate a plan of action as soon as I take charge in the capacity of manager which would guarantee that cleanliness and hygiene remains at the fore front of all food related activities. This would be attached with heavy fines, punishments and even suspensions from duty if adhering to the rules seem to be a problem for the staff. In essence, I plan to set such an environment which will get the ball rolling in the right direction. Safety and hygiene would continue to be taken in the most important stead within the organization and this would essentially change the related basis of safety and health system which is prevalent at the very moment. All my

Strategic human resource management -2.2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Strategic human resource management -2.2 - Essay Example This orientation is important as it may be reflected in the training, socialization and attitude of the new employee affecting the performance of the organisation. The goal of Natural Knibbles is to create a company that provides attractive place to work, helps employees to fully utilise their potential  and  offer  secure,  long-term  employment  (Stone,  2008,  p.375).  The orientation program helps in portraying this image of the company. First, the orientation program provides a complete description of the environment and culture at Natural Knibbles. Second, important information related to the job such as responsibilities and duties is explained providing on-the-job training to the new employees under a process called ‘buddy system with experienced employees. Thus, the orientation program allows the new employees to explore their skills and abilities in a new environment which adds to the value and growth of the employees. What forms of training and devel opment do you believe would have been beneficial to (a) Kane (b) Lisa following their initial experiences at Natural Knibbles? According to Nankervis et al. (2011), the aim of training is to provide or maintain effective job level performance to achieve goals of organisation as well as personal. Given that Lisa and Kane were new entrants in the organisation, on-the-job training was a good decision but the way it was carried out was not at all progressive to them or the organisation. Continuous changing the roles was not beneficial for them as they could not adjust and fully understand any role or position. Since Lisa had TAFE training, she had a better understanding of the organisation’s processes which allowed her to excel in on-the-job training making it the best training and development option for her. On-the-job training as argued by Nankervis et al. (2011) develops practical work experiences and helps in building relations with the peers if the employee is a new entrant. In case of Kane, he did not possess any TAFE qualifications and worked in large company did not have any experience in working with a small family oriented company. Off-the-job training would have been a better option for him, which could have consisted of e-learning, simulation training or conference or classroom training (Nankervis et al. 2011). On-the-job training created confusion for him causing the peers to provide negative comments on his performance. What are the advantages and disadvantages of peer evaluation, and why would Natural Knibbles choose this approach as part of its performance management process? The performance management process needs to begin by taking in to consideration the strategic plan of organisation and penetrate every level of organisation to reach every employee (Nankervis et al. 2011). One such performance management process is peer evaluation. Peer evaluation has many advantages foremost being that the peers can relate well with the employee who is being evaluated. Peers, because work together, have the ability to evaluate the person whether he/she is doing well in the activity as others. Peers reviews can improve the quality of the work and performance of the employees as they can learn from each other. Because of the peer evaluation, company can also improve the performance management process if it seems that this performance measure is not providing a complete evaluation of the employee’

The Importance of Innovation in Todays Changing Economy Essay Example for Free

The Importance of Innovation in Todays Changing Economy Essay In today’s cutthroat society, companies and organizations in various sectors s constantly need to improve their practices and strategies to cope with the changing times and the increasing competition. People—as individuals or in groups—always have to think about attracting new customers and keeping the old; fielding new methods while incorporating the best strategies from previous practices; and delivering quality outputs to thrive in world where things could change with the turn of a page or a click of a mouse.    Stagnation is detrimental to the health of companies and organizations because now, more than ever, thinking out of the box is crucial to make one stand out and deliver something substantial to an even more meticulous crowd. Steve McKie (2004) defined two types of innovation based on Bellon and Whittington’s description in Competing Through Innovation: Essential Strategies for Small and Medium-Sized Firms: â€Å"new-old† and â€Å"new-new†.   In new-old innovation, one uses his current resources then improves and extends them.   New-old innovation would include â€Å"business models, processes, products, and services† that one is presently employing in his business endeavors. On the other hand, new-new innovation deals with jumping from what one already has into a pool of something that is really new.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Innovation generally deals with providing a solution to a problem.   When people innovate, they make the most of current resources and utilize them to generate better resources and assets for the future.   When individuals and groups begin to become more successful and better off with their innovations, a domino effect of such would boost the entire economy.   Innovation is beneficial to both individuals and groups because currently available products and services may no longer be the answers to dilemmas in the future.   Innovation paves the way for a more stable future for it allows the generation of ideas, products, and services that would meet the needs and demands of a world where, as the clichà © goes, â€Å"change is the only constant thing†. Reference: McKie, Steve.   â€Å"Let Innovation Thrive.† Intelligent Enterprise Magazine. 2004. Intelligent Enterpise. 15 Feb. 2007 http://www.intelligententerprise.com/040101/ 701feat2_1.jhtml

The Great Sphinx Of Ancient Egypt English Language Essay

The Great Sphinx Of Ancient Egypt English Language Essay Over 4, 500 years ago, an impressive creature was carved out of limestone on the Giza Plateau, Egypt. This large animal is called the Great Sphinx, complete with a lions body and a humans head. After being buried in the sand for many years, it was uncovered, and its grandiose height and width were revealed (Dunn 2, 3). The sphinx was also given many other names found in the earliest forms of Egyptian writing (Butler 3). The Great Sphinx is a stone figure surrounded by loads of history, myths and characteristics that make up its meaning. What is the Great Sphinx? The body is about 65 feet tall and 200 feet in length. The face of it is 13 feet wide and its eyes are 6 feet high (TourEgypt 3). In comparison to Ancient Greek sphinxes, who were females with wings, Egyptian sphinxes were males. There are small traces of red paint on the cheeks; evidence of its once bright color. Although the nose and beard are missing and its face is battered, the expression is able to be read. The watchful eyes and smile are easily seen (Berg 8, 10). The possible reason for the missing nose and beard is stated in Christopher Bergs article. There are several stories explaining the Sphinxs famous missing nose; one is that it fell off when Napoleons archaeologists were investigating the statue; another is that the Mameluke army used the Sphinx for target practice, and a lucky artillery shot blew it off. Neither of these tales are true. The nose was probably removed in the 8th century AD by a Sufi who considered the Sphinx a blasphemous idol, but all that can be said for certain, based on the tool marks that remain, is that it was deliberately pried off with chisels. The face is possibly that of Khafre, a pharaoh from the fourth dynasty who built one of the largest pyramids on the Giza triad. Its face could also be that of Khafres older brother or another pharaoh down the line of ancestors. Different names given to the Sphinx back in the ancient Egyptian times include Hor-em-akht (Horus in the Horizon), Bw-How (Place of Horus) and Ra-horakhty (Ra of Two Horizons). Horus was one of the oldest and most significant gods in the religion of ancient Egypt. This deity was the patron god of living Pharaohs, rulers, law, war, young men and others. Horus was often depicted as a falcon-headed man (most commonly), a falcon, a lion with the head of a falcon or a sphinx. Horus was worshipped widely throughout Egypt and there were many stories and myths told about him. The sphinx ages back to the kings of the 4th Dynasty, maybe even to an older time (Gray 10). The Sphinx Stela, an inscription on the Sphinx that dated back to 1400 BC, is the oldest evidence that is given for the date. What is the history and origin of the Sphinx? People in that time period represented their pharaohs as lions because of their physical strength. The Sphinx was developed as a result of this high view they had of their leaders (Trifter 1). Also, a lot of other Egyptian kings worshiped the Great Sphinx because they didnt know where it came from (Berg 2). It lived most of its history covered in sand. The first uncovering of the Sphinx was by Thutmose IV, as it was stated on the Sphinx Stela. The pharaoh Thutmose IV, sleeping beneath the head of the statue, was told in a dream to dig up the body of the Sphinx. In reward he was told he would be made a great king. Thutmose immediately began digging up the Great Sphinx, restoring it to its former glory. The next time it was restored was not until the 20th century (Butler p. 2, para. 4, 5). As for the origin of sphinxes in general, it is suggested that they came from the Babylonians or other races before the idea was adopted from the Egyptians. Another theory suggests the Babylonians took it from the Egyptians. The Babylonians believed of a flood from the Persian Gulf that marked the beginning of the world and was ruled by the great creatures called sphinxes. Because of the Niles annually flooding, it is believed that the Babylonians could have had a similar flood. That would raise this theory in both places, Egypt and Babylon. Besides the Great Sphinx, other statues and sculptures of different types of sphinxes were found. This leads to the theory that the Sphinx of Giza was not the first of its kind (Nichols 108). Underneath the Great Sphinx is a series of tunnels, doorways, stairs and even a circular temple. The passageways into the tunnels are outside and to the side of the Sphinx, possibly meaning the Sphinx was built after the underground construction, or perhaps even before. Also, a secret subway is thought to be snaked underground, connecting Khafres pyramid and the Sphinx. Because Khafre built the pyramid close by with chambers and passageways, the Sphinx was thought to be built similarly. These interior chambers and tunnels inside the Sphinx were searched for, but only a few passages with dead ends were found. Erosion is a popular discussed piece of information over the Sphinx. The head of the creature is disproportionate to its body. This definitely has something to do with the erosion because the Egyptians always made their sculptures and statues with as much perfection and symmetry as possible. Some parts of the body give evidence for wind erosion. Other parts look as if it was eroded by water. In addition, its body is very much so eroded, whether in natural occurrences or not. Its head on the other hand, is not. This suggests rain fall that pooled around its upper body while covered in sand. Also, a flood could have had a part in the erosion, but this is not for sure. It is also made up of different kinds of sandstone and limestone which affected the rate and kind of erosion (Orcutt 7). Whatever the reality of the results of erosion, the Sphinx has surely been altered in its form over the many years of its life. The mystery of the Great Sphinx is a debated subject as it involves why, how and for who it was built. The exact purpose for its existence is not known. It was possibly a guardian statue, or a memorial to a Pharaoh or god, or in some cases, it was even thought to be an astronomical observation device (Gray 15). In the book The Sphinx Mystery, the author, Robert Temple, talks about the purpose for the Sphinx. He believes that originally, the Sphinx was a statue of the ancient Egyptian deity called Anubis. Instead of a lion, it was shaped like a dog. Anubis was the protector of the underworld, which the author believed was right at Giza. This information would link to the location of the Sphinx, as it sits in that same area (Coppens 3). The Sphinx was also thought to be the image of a god or even goddess, representing the worshiped idol of the place and time period. Since other sphinxes of different kinds have been found, the theory is that each of them represented a god of their own p lace and time (Hastings 768). Not only this, but some believe it was guarding a tomb or tombs from evil forces. This theory is not as known and used as other ones, but still, a possibility. Some researchers have even suggested that the Sphinx originated from Africans living in Egypt and did not originate from Egyptians at all. As for the builder, the common theory is that it was Khafre, the builder of a huge pyramid close by. Other theories suggest Khafres father, brother or older kings building it. During the reign of Khafre, Egypt was a prosperous place and many things were developed including the Sphinx. This time period could easily tie in with the construction of this great creature. Also, the time of Khafres older brother (another possible builder of the Sphinx) was in similar condition. As for the construction, the Sphinx was carved right out of the limestone bedrock by many workers of the Pharaoh of that time. Considering the lack of modern tools, this project would have required many laborers and very challenging work. The leftover rock was most likely used for other projects such as temples or pyramids (Butler p. 2, para. 1, 2). The Great Sphinx was an incredible creature built long ago, during ancient Egyptian times. Sitting in the Giza Plateau, it watches over the surrounding pyramids and in some theories, acts as a guardian. Representing a pharaoh and his deities, it was worshiped as a god itself at times. The builder and the date of construction are not valid facts, but many ideas are presented. Even though this great creature lived most of its life being eroded and covered by sand, it stands proud and tall, continuing to watch over its land. Many continue to marvel at its awesome form and mysterious origins. Works Cited Butler, Allen. A History of the Great Sphinx of Giza. Associated Content Associatedcontent.com. Allen Butler, 2 Feb. 2006. Web. 2 Oct. 2010. a_history_of_the_great_sphinx_of_giza.html?cat=37>. Dunn, Jimmy. The Great Sphinx. InterCity Oz, Inc Interoz.com Web Publishers, Marketers and Designer Where the Web Leads. 1996. Web. 2 Oct. 2010. http://interoz.com/egypt/sphinx.htm. Gray, Martin. Great Sphinx. Sacred Sites: Places of Peace and Power. 1983-2009. Web. 13 Oct. 2010. http://www.sacredsites.com/africa/egypt/great-sphinx.html. AKNsolutions.com. The Great Sphinx. Egypt Travel, Tours, Vacations, Ancient Egypt from Tour Egypt. 1996-2010. Web. 13 Oct. 2010. . Ghaz, Mr. The Long Lived Lion: How The Great Sphinx Survived The Sands of Times | Trifter. Trifter | Travelers Sharing Hotel, Travel, Flight and Destination Tips. 28 Mar. 2010. Web. 13 Oct. 2010. . Berg, Christopher. The Sphinx. Mazes, Educational Puzzles at Amazeing Art. 2001-2004. Web. 12 Oct. 2010. . Bayuk, Andrew. Guardians Sphinx. Guardians Egypt Main Gate. 1995-2005. Web. 12 Oct. 2010. . Coppens, Phillip. The Sphinx Mystery. Philip Coppens.com. Web. 27 Oct. 2010. . Orcutt, Larry. A Chamber Beneath the Sphinx? Catchpenny Mysteries of Ancient Egypt. 2000. Web. 30 Oct. 2010. . Nichols, John. The Gentlemens Magazine. Vol. 92. 1822. 2 Nov. 2010. Hastings, James. System of Synthetic Philosophy. Encyclopedia of Religion and Ethics. Vol. 22. Edinburgh: [s.n.], 1908. Print. First Rough Draft Abbie Dennett Over 4, 500 years ago, a creature was crafted out of limestone on the Giza Plateau, Egypt. This large animal is called the Great Sphinx, complete with a lions body and a humans head (Dunn 3). After being buried in the sand for many years, it was uncovered, and its grandiose height and width were revealed (Dunn 2). The sphinx was also given many other names found in the earliest forms of Egyptian writing (Butler 3). The Great Sphinx is a stone figure surrounded by loads of history, myths and characteristics that make up its meaning. What is the Great Sphinx? The body is about 65 feet tall and 200 feet in length. The face of it is 13 feet wide and its eyes are 6 feet high (TourEgypt 3). Although the nose and beard are missing and its face is battered, the expression is able to be read. The watchful eyes and smile are easily seen (Berg 8, 10). The sphinx ages back to the 4th Dynasty, maybe even to an older time(Gray 10). Different names given to the Sphinx back in the ancient Egyptian times include Hor-em-akht (Horus in the Horizon), Bw-How (Place of Horus) and Ra-horakhty (Ra of Two Horizons). These facts are simply characteristics of the Sphinx, not yet getting into the deeper meanings. What consisted of the history during the time of the Sphinx? The people back in that time represented their pharaohs as lions because of their strength. Because of this, the sphinx was invented (Trifter 1). The Great Sphinx lived most of its history covered in sand. The first uncovering of the Sphinx was by Thutmose IV. The pharaoh Thutmose IV, sleeping beneath the head of the statue, was told in a dream to dig up the body of the Sphinx. In reward he was told he would be made a great king. Thutmose immediately began digging up the Great Sphinx, restoring it to its former glory. The next time it was restored was not until the 20th century (Butler p. 2, para. 4, 5). A lot of Egyptian kings worshiped the Great Sphinx because they didnt know where it came from (Berg 2). The construction of the Great Sphinx is obviously the base of the entire project. The purpose of the Sphinx is not known, but there are many ideas as to what that might be. Possibly a guardian statue, or a memorial to a Pharaoh or god, or in some cases, it was even thought to be an astronomical observation device (Gray 15). As for the builder, the common theory is that of Khafre, the builder of a huge pyramid close by. Other theories suggest Khafres father or older kings built it (Bayuk 4). The process used to make the Sphinx was carving. It was carved right out of the limestone bedrock, brick by brick. The leftover rock was most likely used for other projects such as temples or pyramids (Butler p. 2, para. 1, 2). The Great Sphinx was an incredible creature built long ago, during ancient Egyptian times. Sitting in the Giza Plateau, it watches over the surrounding pyramids and in some theories, acts as a guardian. Representing a pharaoh, it was worshiped as a god at times. The builder and the date of construction are not valid facts, but many ideas are presented. Even though this great creature lived most of its life being eroded and covered by sand, it stands proud and tall, continuing to watch over its land. Comments: For only being this far in your writing, the number of citations seems to be disproportionately large.Organize your writing; some paragraphs are very disjointed and discuss several different topics. In several places you start to repeat yourself. See the comments in the margin. Works Cited Butler, Allen. A History of the Great Sphinx of Giza. Associated Content Associatedcontent.com. Allen Butler, 2 Feb. 2006. Web. 2 Oct. 2010. a_history_of_the_great_sphinx_of_giza.html?cat=37>. Dunn, Jimmy. The Great Sphinx. InterCity Oz, Inc Interoz.com Web Publishers, Marketers and Designer Where the Web Leads. 1996. Web. 2 Oct. 2010. http://interoz.com/egypt/sphinx.htm. Gray, Martin. Great Sphinx. Sacred Sites: Places of Peace and Power. 1983-2009. Web. 13 Oct. 2010. http://www.sacredsites.com/africa/egypt/great-sphinx.html. AKNsolutions.com. The Great Sphinx. Egypt Travel, Tours, Vacations, Ancient Egypt from Tour Egypt. 1996-2010. Web. 13 Oct. 2010. . Ghaz, Mr. The Long Lived Lion: How The Great Sphinx Survived The Sands of Times | Trifter. Trifter | Travelers Sharing Hotel, Travel, Flight and Destination Tips. 28 Mar. 2010. Web. 13 Oct. 2010. . Berg, Christopher. The Sphinx. Mazes, Educational Puzzles at Amazeing Art. 2001-2004. Web. 12 Oct. 2010. . Bayuk, Andrew. Guardians Sphinx. Guardians Egypt Main Gate. 1995-2005. Web. 12 Oct. 2010. . Second Rough Draft Abbie Dennett Over 4, 500 years ago, a creature was carved out of limestone on the Giza Plateau, Egypt. This large animal is called the Great Sphinx, complete with a lions body and a humans head. After being buried in the sand for many years, it was uncovered, and its grandiose height and width were revealed (Dunn 2, 3). The sphinx was also given many other names found in the earliest forms of Egyptian writing (Butler 3). The Great Sphinx is a stone figure surrounded by loads of history, myths and characteristics that make up its meaning. What is your thesis statement? What is the Great Sphinx? The body is about 65 feet tall and 200 feet in length. The face of it is 13 feet wide and its eyes are 6 feet high (TourEgypt 3). There are small traces of red paint on the cheeks; evidence of its once bright color. Although the nose and beard are missing and its face is battered, the expression is able to be read. The watchful eyes and smile are easily seen (Berg 8, 10). The possible reason for the missing nose and beard is stated in Christopher Bergs article. There are several stories explaining the Sphinxs famous missing nose; one is that it fell off when Napoleons archaeologists were investigating the statue; another is that the Mameluke army used the Sphinx for target practice, and a lucky artillery shot blew it off. Neither of these tales are true. The nose was probably removed in the 8th century AD by a Sufi who considered the Sphinx a blasphemous idol, but all that can be said for certain, based on the tool marks that remain, is that it was deliberat ely pried off with chisels. The face is possibly that of Chephren, a pharaoh from the fourth dynasty who built one of the lagest pyramids on the Giza triad. Different names given to the Sphinx back in the ancient Egyptian times include Hor-em-akht (Horus in the Horizon), Bw-How (Place of Horus) and Ra-horakhty (Ra of Two Horizons). The sphinx ages back to the kings of the 4th Dynasty, maybe even to an older time(Gray 10). Sphinx Stela, an inscription on the Sphinx that dated back to 1400 BC, is the oldest evidence that is given for the date. These facts are simply characteristics of the Sphinx; not yet getting into the deeper meanings. What is the history of the Sphinx? People in those days represented their pharaohs as lions because of their physical strength. The sphinx was developed as a result of this high view they had of their leaders (Trifter 1). Also, a lot of other Egyptian kings worshiped the Great Sphinx because they didnt know where it came from (Berg 2). It lived most of its history covered in sand. The first uncovering of the Sphinx was by Thutmose IV, as it was stated on the Sphinx Stela. The pharaoh Thutmose IV, sleeping beneath the head of the statue, was told in a dream to dig up the body of the Sphinx. In reward he was told he would be made a great king. Thutmose immediately began digging up the Great Sphinx, restoring it to its former glory. The next time it was restored was not until the 20th century (Butler p. 2, para. 4, 5). The mystery of the Great Sphinx is a debated subject as it involves why, how and for whom it was built. Chambers and tunnels underneath the Sphinx were thought to exist, but this is also a mystery. Its purpose is not known. Possibly a guardian statue, or a memorial to a Pharaoh or god, or in some cases, it was even thought to be an astronomical observation device (Gray 15). In the book, The Sphinx Mystery, the author, Robert Temple, talks about the purpose for the Sphinx. He believes that originally, the Sphinx was a statue of the ancient Egyptian deity called Anubis. Instead of a lion, it was shaped like a dog. Anubis was the protector of the underworld, which the author believed was right at Gizeh, which would also make sense for the location of the Sphinx (Coppens 3). As for the builder, the common theory is that it was Khafre, the builder of a huge pyramid close by. . Other theories suggest Khafres father or older kings built it. Because of Khafres pyramid, which contains two cha mbers, the Sphinx was also thought to have an entrance or a chamber. Only three entrances were found, but they were dead ends (Orcutt). The Sphinx was carved. It was carved right out of the limestone bedrock. The leftover rock was most likely used for other projects such as temples or pyramids (Butler p. 2, para. 1, 2). The Great Sphinx was an incredible creature built long ago, during ancient Egyptian times. Sitting in the Giza Plateau, it watches over the surrounding pyramids and in some theories, acts as a guardian. Representing a pharaoh, it was worshiped as a god at times. The builder and the date of construction are not valid facts, but many ideas are presented. Even though this great creature lived most of its life being eroded and covered by sand, it stands proud and tall, continuing to watch over its land. Comments: Looks like you are still having an issue with getting to a full five pages. In your works cited, I dont see any reference to hard (library) books, nor to a National Geographic magazine. Again, suggestions to lengthen this would include comparing to other sphinxes around the world (I believe I have heard of something similar somewhere, but the location escapes me just now), and further relating it to one of the nearby pyramids. Try Googling Babylonian Sphinx for starters.

World War II Essay -- World War II, World War Two

World War II was one of the most deadly wars we know in history, having as many as sixty million casualties, most of whom were civilians. It impacted a lot of countries, almost all the world, which is why the name is given. This war impacted many countries in the world, and damaged almost all of the countries involved greatly. It also led to the downfall of Western European countries as world powers, leaving it to the Soviet Union, and the United States. The war started in 1939 and ended in 1945, with the invasion of Poland and the Axis surrender, respectively. It changed the economy and the growth of big countries, including Germany, Great Britain, United States, Japan, Russia and France. Aside from this, Jews were greatly influenced too. They were damaged, but then gifted. The war started in September 1, 1939 when Germany invaded the territory of Poland, which was allied with Great Britain and France. German officials signed a peace treaty in August 24-25 with the Soviet Union to prevent them from acting in the invasion and to stay in peace between both countries. So Great Britain, France, Australia and New Zealand declared war on Germany the day of September 3, 1939. After this event, Canada also declared war on Germany at September 10, 1939. Germany rapidly crushed Poland, since it had an incredible army with 100 infantry divisions and six armored divisions. Due to the peace treaty between Germans and Soviets, in September 17th the Soviet also invaded and took eastern Poland. Later in the year, on November 30th, the USSR invaded Finland while Great Britain and France where occupied with Germany. At this time, Japan was in the Far East, and had Asia in turmoil. Imperial Japan invaded china and various other territories ... ...ther atomic bomb, leaving Japan helpless. Japan surrendered in several places from September 7th to September 16th. Works Cited O’Neill, William L. World War II A Student Companion. 1 ed. William H. Chafe. New York, New York: Oxford University Press, 1999. Britannica Online, Encyclopedia. "3." http://www.school.eb.com.proxygsu-scob.galileo.usg.edu/eb/article-53533 (accessed March, 2011). Stokes, Phil. "1." 1999. http://www.secondworldwar.co.uk/dates.html (accessed March, 2011). Stokesbury, James L. http://www.worldbookonline.com/student/article?id=ar610460&st=world+war (accessed march, 2011). Robinson, Bruce. April 23, 2004.http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/worldwars/wwtwo/ww2_summary_01.shtml (accessed march 30, 2011). worldwar-2.net, "War in Europe." 2006.http://www.worldwar-2.net/timelines/war-in-europe/war-in-europe-index.htm (accessed march, 2011).

Is Science Moving Too Quickly? :: Technology Essays

Is Science Moving Too Quickly? Before when I heard the word science the first thing came to my mind was human cloning. However, recently I started thinking deeper toward this issue. Before, I thought everything about science is unnatural. Scientists are going against God and Human nature. After reading Bishop's and Rifkins's articles my view changed toward science completely. By comparing and contrasting these great scholars, science made more sense to me. In 1995 J. Michael Bishop wrote an article deploring the detractors of scientific advancement and exploration. Likewise, in 1988 (republished in 1998) Jeremy Rifkin wrote an article warning of the dangers of advances in the science of biotechnology and calling for caution in that area. Both men agree on several issues but disagree on many more. The credentials of both men are very different. J. Michael Bishop, a professor of microbiology at UC San Francisco, as the result of "a seemingly obscure observation" (Bishop 239) regarding a virus that causes cancer in chickens, has won a Nobel Prize for identifying genes that are involved in the genesis of human cancer. Jeremy Rifkin is a well-known, well-written, informed, respected social activist, a not-for-profit watchdog for Everyman. Both men mention religion. Bishop is annoyed over having to re-fight battles with "religious zealots" like those who press for the teaching of creationism despite the finding for Darwin's theory in the Scopes trial. Rifkin appeals to them: Human-authored creation could lead to a "laboratory-conceived second Genesis" which could then lead to a "biological Tower of Babel and the spread of chaos throughout the biological world, drowning out the ancient language of creation" (Rifkin 245). Bishop is probably more scientifically knowledgeable overall. However, in the article he makes an interesting point unintentionally not in his favor, regarding scientific ignorance. "[Many adult Americans] do not even know that the Earth circles the Sun" (Bishop 241). Recently, "a prominent member of Congress betrayed his ignorance of how the prostate gland differs from the testes" (Bishop 241). Bishop also says that even scientists do not understand each other. After "laboring mightily" to make a text understandable by the readers of Scientific American, (a magazine not for the uneducated), he was dismayed by the comment of a "solid-state physicist of considerable merit" who asked him, "What exactly is a gene?" (Bishop 242). Likewise he reports that 23 geophysicists could not distinguish between DNA and RNA; a Nobel Prize winning chemist had never heard of plate tectonics; and biologists who thought string theory might have something to do with pasta.

Ancient Views of the Concept of Marriage and the Family Essay

There are several aspects that constitute social life. These aspects include family, religion, leisure, sexuality, intellectual and creativity. The aforementioned aspects are evident in the ancient literature. However, both the Western and the Eastern had different views regarding these social aspects. The paper discusses Western and Eastern views of social life and responsibilities in ancient literature. To narrow down the research, marriage and the family were chosen. Both Western and the Eastern writers had different views regarding various issues surrounding marriage and the family. Ancient literature dates back A.D 476, and it underwent a series of transformations until the 16th century. During ancient times, many, philosophers and writers used various forms of writing to pass their messages. These forms included poetry, narration and even writing on stones. The recorded ancient from Greek, Egypt, Persia, Europe and some parts of Asia shows significant similarities and differences. To understand the matter introduced, we can consider views from the Greece and Persia, and compare them with views from Asia and Egypt. In these countries, a lot was written regarding social life and responsibilities. We shall also consider several works by different authors to support the arguments presented. Similarities Both the Western and Eastern literature talked about marriage and the family and the roles of the parties involved. A good example is Homer’s Novel, Iliad, which have several scenes of love and romance. One of its themes is military glory over family life. According to the novel, family is depicted as an important institution between two people. Homer constantly forces the characters in his writings to put the interests of their loved ones. From the novel, it is clear that a complete marriage can only be possible between a man and a woman. In addition, the novel suggests that women had a role to take care of their children while men went out for war. This was the case in Eastern parts of the world. Israel writers such as Jim West emphasized on the role of women in the family. He suggests that women were seen as custodians of their families. The two writings show similar characteristics regarding men’s responsibilities. The Iliad by Homer suggests that men had a responsi bility to protect their families from any form of attacks. A close examination of these ancient works portrays men as muscular persons who were supposed to protect the interests of the societies. Moreover, the ancient literatures by Euripides from Greece suggest that both man and a woman must complement one another. The same is shown by Emily Teeter, an Eastern ancient writer. In his novel, Ancient Egyptian and Family Life, Teeter points out that men and women are equal parties in the marriage. However, the novel suggests that ancient women from Egypt had a role to attend markets while men carried out hard jobs, which were suitable for the survival of the family (Minchin 22). Both Western and Eastern ancient literature values ethics in family matters. The following are various examples in support of this claim. Western ancient writers such as Plato and Aristotle came up with several ethical frameworks which were supposed to guide the members of the family. Marriage and the family were highly valued by these two great writers. According to Plato’s writings, family members were supposed to be guided by ethics of virtues. The writer came up with four virtues which are prudence, duty of care, love, justice and integrity. Moreover Eastern writers from Egypt and Israel valued ethics. A good example is The Pyramid Texts of Egypt, which talks about the journey of the soul to the eternity. The Pyramid is considered as literature because it has some moral lessons. They taught couples to practice ethics whenever they deal with each other. The literature suggests that a marriage is a journey that ought to have follow ethics (Pearson 234). Differences There are several differences between the Eastern and Western views of the marriage and the family as depicted in the ancient literature. The first one is the structure of the family. Eastern literature suggests that families in the East by 14th century were dominated by the husband. Women are depicted as subjects to men. According to a journal article, Ancient Israelite Marriage Customs by Jim West, men in ancient Israel were given more powers, which were dictated by the society. This is quite different Western view of the same issue. According to Homer’s novel, The Oddesy, women in the Western world during the ancient times were almost equal to men. Homer uses a number of women to show their roles in the society. A good example is where he uses examples of Circe and Calypso who never entertained exploitation from their male counterparts. However, Homer presents a way in which women’s status was lowered. In the novel, there are examples of women who only existed to sat isfy men’s sexual desires. According to this ancient work, this ruined the institution of marriage. From this we get a very crucial difference between the Western and Eastern view of the family. While Homer suggests that prostitution could happen freely in the Western world, this was highly discouraged in Eastern Literature. In fact, any woman who was found guilty of the offence was stoned to death. Most of the ancient Eastern writings make a lot of references to the Bible. A good example is presented in the journal article mentioned above. According to Eastern culture, it was wrong for a woman to make love with another man, apart from her husband. Surprisingly, men were allowed to do so. This shows that women presented in Eastern literature had little control of their life. Everything they did was already stipulated by the society (McDemont 67). Another key difference in the two views is the attitudes towards abortion. This was a critical issue in marriage and the family. The Eastern view suggests that couples married to procreate and fill the earth. As already mentioned an above, this was another reference of the Holy Bible. Israelites were among the communities that valued life and children. Ancient Greeks and Romans accepted abortion. They were not much concerned to protect unborn children. Early philosophers argued that it took 40 -80 days for a fetus to be formed. According to Aristotle, an Ancient philosopher, couples could practice abortion before sense of life had begun. He however believed that female embryos developed slowly than male ones. With regards to the subject of abortion, things were stickier in Eastern parts. Eastern culture did not allow abortion to take course in the society. The Eastern view regarding abortion was that anyone who caused miscarriage, he or she had to pay a fine to the husband of the wom an. The literature suggests that fetus was a property and it needed to be safeguarded by all means. This suggests that everyone in the Eastern society had a responsibility to support human life (Pepe 45). From the above analysis, it can be noted that both the Eastern and Western views on family had similarities and differences. Ancient Eastern writers seem to have been influenced greatly by the Bible in their writing. On the other hand, Western writers were critical on a given subject matter, and they often differed in opinions. References McDermott, M. H. Novel and Romance: The Odyssey to Tom Jones. Diss. The New University of Ulster, 1975. Minchin, Elizabeth. â€Å"Homer and the resources of memory: some applications of cognitive theory to the Iliad and the Odyssey.† (2001). Pepe, L. â€Å"Abortion in ancient Greece.† XIX Symposion of Greek and Hellenistic Law. 2013. Pearson, Lionel. Popular ethics in ancient Greece. Stanford University Press, 1962. Source document